I met a Traveller from an antique land.
(P. B. Shelley, 'Ozymandias', 1818)
[In the late Middle Ages] the interest attached to the narratives of travels
was … wholly dramatic, and the … admixture of the marvellous, gave
them almost an epic colouring … They had that character of unity
which every work of art requires; everything was associated with one
action, and made subservient to the narration of the journey itself … In
the midst of the obscurity in which the East and the interior of Asia were
shrouded, distance seemed only to magnify the grand proportions of
individual forms. This unity of composition is almost wholly wanting in
most of our recent voyages, especially where their object is the acquire
ment of scientific knowledge. The narrative in the latter case is secondary
to observations, and is almost wholly lost sight of … this partial disad
vantage is fully compensated for by the increased value of the facts
observed, the greater expansion of natural views, and the laudable
endeavour to employ the peculiar characteristics of different languages,
in rendering natural descriptions clear and distinct.
(Alexander von Humboldt, Cosmos 1849)
This book is a study of European travel writing about Ethiopia, Egypt, India, and Mexico in the years between 1770 and 1840: countries situated within the 'torrid zones' of Africa, Asia, and America, which, despite their cartographic and cultural distance from one other, shared the fate of being considered 'antique lands' by Europeans. Unlike most recent studies of extra-European travel writing in these decades, I am principally concerned with aesthetic and archaeological (in contemporary terminology, antiquarian) discourses of travel rather than with science or natural history. Of course, one of the attractions of travel writing in the period is the uninhibited energy with which it ranges across modern disciplinary boundaries, as the shaping itinerary narrative is
Alexander von Humboldt, Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe, 5 vols., trans,
by E. C. Otte (London, Henry Bohn, 1849), ii. pp. 434-6. Hereafter C.
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